If your options are tsunamis, flexible, liquefaction, shaking, faults, and aftershock, then obviously the correct answer is flexible. A more flexible design can reduce earthquake damage to buildings. First of all, you need an adjective here, so you can eliminate everything except for flexible and shaking, because everything else is a noun. A shaking building would collapse immediately, so that is definitely incorrect, which leaves us with flexible.
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A more flexible design can reduce earthquake damage to buildings by allowing them to bend and sway without collapsing. This flexibility, achieved through ductile materials and engineering techniques, helps absorb seismic forces. Successful examples include buildings in earthquake-prone regions designed with these principles in mind.
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