A teacher is working with a two-year-old child who is in Erickson’s autonomy vs shame stage. What are the characteristics of this stage?
Answer (2)
In the autonomy vs. shame stage, which occurs from ages 1 to 3, children are developing independence and a sense of control over their actions. Successful navigation of this stage leads to a sense of autonomy, while failure may result in feelings of shame and doubt. Caregivers play a crucial role in nurturing the child's newfound independence while providing support and encouragement.
;
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is a cornerstone in understanding human growth, and one of the stages he identified is "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt." This stage is the second of Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development and typically occurs between the ages of 18 months to 3 years old, making it relevant to the development of two-year-old children.
During this stage, children are becoming more independent. They start to assert their own free will and make simple choices. Successfully navigating this stage helps children develop a sense of autonomy, allowing them to feel secure and confident in their ability to survive in the world.
Here are the key characteristics of this stage:
Development of Independence: Children become more physically mobile and begin to exercise their ability to make decisions. This can include tasks such as choosing toys, clothing, or foods.
Self-Control and Confidence: Parents and caregivers are encouraged to provide supportive environments where children can make choices. Success in this stage leads to a sense of autonomy and self-confidence.
Dealing with Failure: If children are criticized, overly controlled, or not given the opportunity to assert themselves, they can develop feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities. Encouraging attempts at tasks and allowing some room for error is essential.
Toilet Training: While not the only element of this stage, toilet training is commonly cited as a significant task during this period. It's a prime example where autonomy can be either fostered or hindered.
The goal for parents and teachers working with children at this stage is to strike a balance between the child’s need for independence and the need for an appropriate amount of guidance. Providing a nurturing environment where children can safely explore their abilities is crucial for a healthy development of autonomy without shame.
