Using the activity series provided, which reactants will form products?
$Na>Mg>Al>Mn>Zn>Cr>Fe>Cd>Co>Ni>Sn>Pb>H>Sb>Bi>Cu>Ag$
$Ag + NaNO _3 \rightarrow$
$Fe + Al _2 O _3 \rightarrow$
$Ni + NaCl \rightarrow$
$Fe + Cu \left( NO _3\right)_2 \rightarrow$
Answer (2)
Silver cannot displace sodium because Ag"> N a > A g .
Iron cannot displace aluminum because Fe"> A l > F e .
Nickel cannot displace sodium because Ni"> N a > N i .
Iron can displace copper because Cu"> F e > C u .
Therefore, only the reaction F e + C u ( N O 3 ) 2 → will form products.
Explanation
Problem Analysis We are given an activity series and four reactions. We need to determine which reactions will proceed based on the activity series. A reaction will proceed if the single element is higher in the activity series than the element in the compound it is trying to displace.
Reaction 1 Analysis Reaction 1: A g + N a N O 3 → . Silver (Ag) vs. Sodium (Na). According to the activity series, Ag"> N a > A g . Since silver is lower in the activity series than sodium, it cannot displace sodium. Therefore, this reaction will not occur.
Reaction 2 Analysis Reaction 2: F e + A l 2 O 3 → . Iron (Fe) vs. Aluminum (Al). According to the activity series, Fe"> A l > F e . Since iron is lower in the activity series than aluminum, it cannot displace aluminum. Therefore, this reaction will not occur.
Reaction 3 Analysis Reaction 3: N i + N a Cl → . Nickel (Ni) vs. Sodium (Na). According to the activity series, Ni"> N a > N i . Since nickel is lower in the activity series than sodium, it cannot displace sodium. Therefore, this reaction will not occur.
Reaction 4 Analysis Reaction 4: F e + C u ( N O 3 ) 2 → . Iron (Fe) vs. Copper (Cu). According to the activity series, Cu"> F e > C u . Since iron is higher in the activity series than copper, it can displace copper. Therefore, this reaction will occur.
Conclusion Only the fourth reaction will form products.
Examples
The activity series is used in various industrial processes, such as metal extraction and corrosion prevention. For example, in the extraction of copper from its ore, a more reactive metal like iron is used to displace copper ions from the ore. This principle is also applied in preventing corrosion, where a more reactive metal is used as a sacrificial anode to protect a less reactive metal from corrosion.
Out of the four reactions analyzed, only the reaction F e + C u ( N O 3 ) 2 → will result in products, while the others will not occur due to the lower reactivity of the metals involved.
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