What is [tex]$\Delta S$[/tex] in the equation [tex]$\Delta G=\Delta H-T \Delta S$[/tex] ?
A. The change in heat content between the products and the reactants
B. The change in free energy between the products and the reactants
C. The change in enthalpy between products and reactants in a reaction
D. The change in entropy between products and reactants in a reaction
Answer (2)
The equation Δ G = Δ H − T Δ S describes the change in Gibbs free energy.
Δ G is the change in Gibbs free energy, Δ H is the change in enthalpy, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Δ S represents the change in entropy between products and reactants.
Therefore, Δ S is the change in entropy, and the answer is D .
Explanation
Understanding the Equation The problem asks us to identify what Δ S represents in the equation Δ G = Δ H − T Δ S . This equation is fundamental in thermodynamics and describes the change in Gibbs free energy in a reaction.
Defining the Terms Let's break down each term in the equation:
Δ G represents the change in Gibbs free energy between the products and the reactants.
Δ H represents the change in enthalpy between the products and the reactants, which is related to the heat absorbed or released during the reaction at constant pressure.
T represents the absolute temperature in Kelvin.
Δ S represents the change in entropy between the products and the reactants, which is a measure of the disorder or randomness of the system.
Identifying Delta S Based on these definitions, we can see that Δ S corresponds to the change in entropy between the products and the reactants. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
Examples
In real life, understanding the Gibbs free energy equation helps predict whether a chemical reaction will occur spontaneously at a given temperature. For example, when designing a new drug, scientists use this equation to determine if the drug will bind to its target molecule spontaneously, which is crucial for its effectiveness. Similarly, in industrial processes, engineers use this equation to optimize reaction conditions to maximize product yield and minimize energy consumption. The equation Δ G = Δ H − T Δ S is a cornerstone in predicting the feasibility and efficiency of various chemical and physical processes.
In the equation Δ G = Δ H − T Δ S , Δ S represents the change in entropy between the products and reactants. Therefore, the correct option is D. Understanding this concept is essential for analyzing the spontaneity of reactions in chemistry.
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