Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about challenges associated with one kind of empirical study.
When a psychologist simply records the relationship between two variables without manipulating them, it is called a __________ study. The observed relationship does not by itself reveal which variable __________ the other. This is the __________ problem. Also, the relationship may be due to a __________ causing both of the observed variables.
Answer (2)
Correlational studies identify relationships between variables without manipulation, resulting in causal ambiguity. These studies do not clarify which variable prompts change, complicating interpretations. Additionally, a third variable may influence outcomes, complicating the understanding of these relationships. ;
Correlational studies observe the relationship between two variables without manipulation, leading to potential causal ambiguity. These studies do not clarify which variable influences the other and may also be affected by a third variable. Recognizing these limitations is important for accurately interpreting findings.
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