Which of the following accurately describes the difference between cell types in the body (e.g., heart cells and liver cells)? A) They have different DNA and thus express different genes. B) They have the same DNA, but express different genes. C) They have the same DNA and they express the same genes.
Answer (1)
The correct answer to the question on the difference between cell types, such as heart cells and liver cells, is: B) They have the same DNA, but express different genes.
Here's a detailed explanation:
DNA Similarity in All Cells : Almost all the cells in a human body contain the same DNA. This genetic material is stored inside the cell nucleus and carries the instructions necessary for making proteins and directing the functions of the cell.
Gene Expression : Even though the DNA is the same in every cell, each cell type expresses different genes. This means that only some of the genes in a cell's DNA are 'turned on' or active. The specific genes that are expressed determine the cell's structure and function.
Specialization of Cells : The process by which cells become specialized is called differentiation. It involves the selective expression of genes. For example, a heart cell will express genes that produce proteins necessary for muscle contraction, whereas a liver cell will express genes that are involved in metabolism and detoxification processes.
Purpose of Differentiation : This differentiation of gene expression is crucial because it allows cells to perform unique functions that are essential for the organism's survival. Each type of cell, by executing its specific functions, contributes to the overall operation of the body's systems.
In summary, while every cell in your body contains the same DNA blueprint, the variety in gene expression allows for the diversity in cell function and structure, enabling the development of different cell types like heart cells and liver cells.
