1. The smallest independent particle that makes up all the matter. 2. Substances that can flow from one place to another. 3. The liquid obtained by dissolving a solute in a solvent. 4. The process by which a liquid changes into a solid on cooling. 5. State of matter having loosely packed molecules.
Answer (1)
Let's break down each part of the question to understand the concepts involved:
The smallest independent particle that makes up all the matter.
This is an 'Atom'. Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter in the universe. Everything around us is made up of atoms, from the air we breathe to the water we drink. They are extremely small and consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
Substances that can flow from one place to another.
Such substances are known as 'Fluids'. Fluids include both liquids and gases. They have the ability to flow and conform to the shape of their containers. This is because the molecules within fluids are not rigidly fixed and can move past one another.
The liquid obtained by dissolving a solute in a solvent.
This is called a 'Solution'. In a solution, a solute (the substance being dissolved) is uniformly distributed within a solvent (the substance in which the solute is dissolved). Common examples include saltwater, where salt is the solute and water is the solvent.
The process by which a liquid changes into a solid on cooling.
This process is known as 'Freezing'. Freezing occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered to its freezing point, causing it to solidify. For water, this occurs at 0°C (32°F).
State of matter having loosely packed molecules.
This describes a 'Gas'. In a gaseous state, the molecules are spread out, with a lot of space between them, allowing them to move freely. This is why gases can expand to fill the shape and volume of their containers.
