A negative reinforcer removes an unpleasant stimulus to encourage a behavior. In Noah's case, sending him to his room functions as a negative reinforcer by removing social interaction, which may help him seek social contact. Other options provided are examples of positive reinforcement or do not serve as effective reinforcers. ;
The total charge flowing through the device is 450 Coulombs. This corresponds to approximately 2.81 x 10^21 electrons. Thus, about 2.81 trillion trillion electrons flow through the device in 30 seconds.
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