Select the correct answer. Copper carbonate [tex]$\left( CuCO _3\right)$[/tex] reacts with hydrochloric acid [tex]$( HCl )$[/tex] according to this equation: [tex]$CuCO _3(s)+2 HCl (a q) \rightarrow CuCl _2(a q)+ H _2 O (f)+ CO _2(g)$[/tex]. Which statement correctly describes the substances in this reaction?
A. Exactly one product and two reactants are either liquid or dissolved in water.
B. Exactly one of the reactants is in a water-based solution, but none of the products are.
C. The reactants include both a liquid and a gas.
D. Exactly one reactant is a solid, and exactly one product is a gas.
E. The products include a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
Answer (2)
Analyze the phases of reactants and products in the given chemical reaction.
Evaluate each statement based on the identified phases.
Determine that statement D correctly describes the reaction: Exactly one reactant is a solid, and exactly one product is a gas.
The correct answer is D .
Explanation
Analyzing the Reaction We are given the reaction: C u C O 3 ( s ) + 2 H Cl ( a q ) → C u C l 2 ( a q ) + H 2 O ( l ) + C O 2 ( g ) . We need to determine which statement correctly describes the substances in this reaction. Let's analyze each statement.
Analyzing Statement A Statement A: Exactly one product and two reactants are either liquid or dissolved in water.
Reactants: C u C O 3 (solid), H Cl (aqueous - dissolved in water).
Products: C u C l 2 (aqueous - dissolved in water), H 2 O (liquid), C O 2 (gas). So, one reactant ( H Cl ) and one product ( C u C l 2 ) are dissolved in water, and one product ( H 2 O ) is a liquid. Thus, two products and one reactant are either liquid or dissolved in water. This statement is incorrect.
Analyzing Statement B Statement B: Exactly one of the reactants is in a water-based solution, but none of the products are.
Reactants: C u C O 3 (solid), H Cl (aqueous).
Products: C u C l 2 (aqueous), H 2 O (liquid), C O 2 (gas). One reactant ( H Cl ) is in a water-based solution, but one product ( C u C l 2 ) is also in a water-based solution. This statement is incorrect.
Analyzing Statement C Statement C: The reactants include both a liquid and a gas.
Reactants: C u C O 3 (solid), H Cl (aqueous). The reactants include a solid and an aqueous solution, but no liquid or gas. This statement is incorrect.
Analyzing Statement D Statement D: Exactly one reactant is a solid, and exactly one product is a gas.
Reactants: C u C O 3 (solid), H Cl (aqueous).
Products: C u C l 2 (aqueous), H 2 O (liquid), C O 2 (gas). One reactant ( C u C O 3 ) is a solid, and one product ( C O 2 ) is a gas. This statement is correct.
Analyzing Statement E Statement E: The products include a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
Products: C u C l 2 (aqueous), H 2 O (liquid), C O 2 (gas). The products include an aqueous solution, a liquid, and a gas, but no solid. This statement is incorrect.
Conclusion Therefore, the correct statement is D.
Examples
This type of problem is useful in understanding chemical reactions and the states of matter of the reactants and products. For example, when designing experiments in a lab, it's important to know whether the reactants are solids, liquids, or gases to properly handle them and predict the outcome of the reaction. Knowing the states of matter also helps in industrial processes where reactions need to be optimized for efficiency and safety. Understanding the phases involved in a chemical reaction is crucial for predicting and controlling the reaction's behavior.
The correct statement is D, which indicates that exactly one reactant is a solid ( C u C O 3 ) and exactly one product is a gas ( C O 2 ), according to the reaction between copper carbonate and hydrochloric acid. Other statements either mischaracterize the phases of reactants and products or are completely incorrect. Therefore, the chosen answer is D.
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