They knew very well that new taxes were going to irritate the colonists. But they were forced to take the big chance, because Britain needed the money so badly. This was common for a mother country to do to its colonies, and it went on for a long time. They didn't accurately estimate the mood and character of the people in their colonies, and they just pushed it a little too far ... past the point where enough colonists would object strongly enough for long enough, and eventually decide, by a very small margin, in favor of revolution and independence.
They imposed the new taxes on the American colonists to help pay war debts from fighting the French and Indian War.
(Gradpoint)
The British imposed new taxes on American colonists to address their large debt from the French and Indian War and to fund the troops stationed in the colonies for protection. Colonists responded with strong objections, emphasizing the lack of representation in Parliament, which ultimately led to rising tensions and calls for independence. These taxes marked a turning point in colonial relations with Britain and were a key factor in the lead-up to the American Revolution.
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